<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<ags:resources xmlns:ags="http://purl.org/agmes/1.1/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:agls="http://www.naa.gov.au/recordkeeping/gov_online/agls/1.2" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/">
<ags:resource>
					<dc:title><![CDATA[Separation of Legal Competence of Special Forums from the Genreal Courts in Hearing of Civil Liability of Municipality]]></dc:title>
					<dc:creator>
					<ags:creatorPersonal><![CDATA[Karimi, Abbas]]></ags:creatorPersonal>
<ags:creatorPersonal><![CDATA[Rezaei nejad, Homayoon]]></ags:creatorPersonal>

			</dc:creator>
			<dc:publisher>
				<ags:publisherName><![CDATA[University of Tehran]]></ags:publisherName>
			</dc:publisher>
			<dc:date><dcterms:dateIssued><![CDATA[2012]]></dcterms:dateIssued></dc:date>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[tort law]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Administrative Justice Court]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[general courts]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[especial forums]]></dc:subject>
			<dc:description>
				<ags:descriptionNotes><![CDATA[Includes references]]></ags:descriptionNotes>
				<dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[In spite of the establishment of the administrative justice court as an especial forum for hearing the actions against the public and state  institutions including municipality, the cases against that municipality do  not follow a same way and depending on the roots of such liability, the procedures are different. In this paper by outlining the different actions against the municipality we tries to identify in which cases the administrative justice court and in which cases the general courts are competent to hear the cases against municipality.]]></dcterms:abstract>
			</dc:description>
            <dc:identifier scheme="dcterms:URI"><![CDATA[https://jolt.ut.ac.ir/article_35123_2cf63339317aaa679a5f190a78e926c7.pdf]]></dc:identifier>
			<dc:identifier scheme="ags:DOI"><![CDATA[10.22059/jolt.2012.35123]]></dc:identifier>
			<dc:type><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></dc:type>
			<dc:format><dcterms:medium><![CDATA[text]]></dcterms:medium></dc:format>
			<dc:language><![CDATA[فارسی]]></dc:language>
			<dc:source><![CDATA[https://jolt.ut.ac.ir/]]></dc:source>
			<dc:source><![CDATA[Private Law]]></dc:source>
		</ags:resource>
<ags:resource>
					<dc:title><![CDATA[Elements of Intellectual Property Insurance Contract
(A Legal Analysis)]]></dc:title>
					<dc:creator>
					<ags:creatorPersonal><![CDATA[Habiba, Saeed]]></ags:creatorPersonal>
<ags:creatorPersonal><![CDATA[Eshraghi Arani, Mojtaba]]></ags:creatorPersonal>

			</dc:creator>
			<dc:publisher>
				<ags:publisherName><![CDATA[University of Tehran]]></ags:publisherName>
			</dc:publisher>
			<dc:date><dcterms:dateIssued><![CDATA[2012]]></dcterms:dateIssued></dc:date>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Intellectual property insurance]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[risk]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Insurable Interest]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[time limit]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[territorial limit]]></dc:subject>
			<dc:description>
				<ags:descriptionNotes><![CDATA[Includes references]]></ags:descriptionNotes>
				<dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[  Presently, due to economic importance and the high value of intellectual property assets or their possibility to being damaged, having intellectual property insurance coverage is a necessity. However, since it is a new policy that provides special coverage of intellectual property risks, it is necessary to explain its elements  such as risk (sinister), insurable interest holder, time and the territorial limits of this policy, which are examined in this article.]]></dcterms:abstract>
			</dc:description>
            <dc:identifier scheme="dcterms:URI"><![CDATA[https://jolt.ut.ac.ir/article_35124_a81af0d584d7d6e845b00a4be2993350.pdf]]></dc:identifier>
			<dc:identifier scheme="ags:DOI"><![CDATA[10.22059/jolt.2012.35124]]></dc:identifier>
			<dc:type><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></dc:type>
			<dc:format><dcterms:medium><![CDATA[text]]></dcterms:medium></dc:format>
			<dc:language><![CDATA[فارسی]]></dc:language>
			<dc:source><![CDATA[https://jolt.ut.ac.ir/]]></dc:source>
			<dc:source><![CDATA[Private Law]]></dc:source>
		</ags:resource>
<ags:resource>
					<dc:title><![CDATA[The Payment of the Other's Debt by Necessity]]></dc:title>
					<dc:creator>
					<ags:creatorPersonal><![CDATA[Asghari Aghmashhadi, Fakhroddin]]></ags:creatorPersonal>
<ags:creatorPersonal><![CDATA[Asghari, Shahram]]></ags:creatorPersonal>

			</dc:creator>
			<dc:publisher>
				<ags:publisherName><![CDATA[University of Tehran]]></ags:publisherName>
			</dc:publisher>
			<dc:date><dcterms:dateIssued><![CDATA[2012]]></dcterms:dateIssued></dc:date>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[third party]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[debt]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[undue utilization]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[unjust enrichment]]></dc:subject>
			<dc:description>
				<ags:descriptionNotes><![CDATA[Includes references]]></ags:descriptionNotes>
				<dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Under article 267 of the civil code, a person who pays the debt of the other without his permission cannot recover the amount paid as the payment of debt in this situation appears to be gratuitous. Nevertheless, in different codes, the legislator has permitted a third party to pay the debts of the others in some situations.. By carefully examining these cases, it can be said that anytime the third party pays the other's debt in order to prevent his loss or the debtor's, the payment does not appear to be gratuitous and the third party can recover the amount paid for restraining the unjust enrichment and undue utilization and because of handling their property.]]></dcterms:abstract>
			</dc:description>
            <dc:identifier scheme="dcterms:URI"><![CDATA[https://jolt.ut.ac.ir/article_35125_bcd4d03231918e7d5adccaeb5e394d2c.pdf]]></dc:identifier>
			<dc:identifier scheme="ags:DOI"><![CDATA[10.22059/jolt.2012.35125]]></dc:identifier>
			<dc:type><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></dc:type>
			<dc:format><dcterms:medium><![CDATA[text]]></dcterms:medium></dc:format>
			<dc:language><![CDATA[فارسی]]></dc:language>
			<dc:source><![CDATA[https://jolt.ut.ac.ir/]]></dc:source>
			<dc:source><![CDATA[Private Law]]></dc:source>
		</ags:resource>
<ags:resource>
					<dc:title><![CDATA[Protection of Handicrafts in Iran in light of Intellectual Property]]></dc:title>
					<dc:creator>
					<ags:creatorPersonal><![CDATA[Sadeghi Moghadam, Mohamad Hassan]]></ags:creatorPersonal>
<ags:creatorPersonal><![CDATA[Komeili Esfahani, Hosein]]></ags:creatorPersonal>

			</dc:creator>
			<dc:publisher>
				<ags:publisherName><![CDATA[University of Tehran]]></ags:publisherName>
			</dc:publisher>
			<dc:date><dcterms:dateIssued><![CDATA[2012]]></dcterms:dateIssued></dc:date>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Handicrafts and traditional arts play an important role in society. Peoples’ identification essentially depend on the art industry. Today]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[the use of cultural tools as a source of creativity has an important role in the development of traditional societies and result in the promotion of sustainable development.  Undoubtedly]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[we must consider its economic role as the main source revenue and attraction for tourism. Unfortunately in recent years]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[due to inefficiency and lack of attention by the trustees]]></dc:subject>
			<dc:description>
				<ags:descriptionNotes><![CDATA[Includes references]]></ags:descriptionNotes>
				<dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Handicrafts and traditional arts play an important role in society. Peoples’ identification essentially depend on the art industry. Today, the use of cultural tools as a source of creativity has an important role in the development of traditional societies and result in the promotion of sustainable development.  Undoubtedly, we must consider its economic role as the main source revenue and attraction for tourism. Unfortunately in recent years, due to inefficiency and lack of attention by the trustees, foreign countries have imitated and produced works of Iranian original art and imported them with lower prices and inferior ingredients into international and Iranian markets without considering the rights of the Iranian producers. This can cause damage to the country's economy and culture. Hence the legal protection of traditional arts in the form of intellectual property rights has many positive results for Iran. The role of the government, choosing the best system and solution to support this protection is effective in promoting these goals. This paper will survey and present the best system for the protection of Iran’s handicrafts. ]]></dcterms:abstract>
			</dc:description>
            <dc:identifier scheme="dcterms:URI"><![CDATA[https://jolt.ut.ac.ir/article_35175.html]]></dc:identifier>
			<dc:identifier scheme="ags:DOI"><![CDATA[10.22059/jolt.2012.35175]]></dc:identifier>
			<dc:type><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></dc:type>
			<dc:format><dcterms:medium><![CDATA[text]]></dcterms:medium></dc:format>
			<dc:language><![CDATA[فارسی]]></dc:language>
			<dc:source><![CDATA[https://jolt.ut.ac.ir/]]></dc:source>
			<dc:source><![CDATA[Private Law]]></dc:source>
		</ags:resource>
<ags:resource>
					<dc:title><![CDATA[The Decline of Jurisdiction in Private International Law]]></dc:title>
					<dc:creator>
					<ags:creatorPersonal><![CDATA[Maghsoody, Reza]]></ags:creatorPersonal>

			</dc:creator>
			<dc:publisher>
				<ags:publisherName><![CDATA[University of Tehran]]></ags:publisherName>
			</dc:publisher>
			<dc:date><dcterms:dateIssued><![CDATA[2012]]></dcterms:dateIssued></dc:date>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Decline of jurisdiction]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Lis alibi pendens]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Forum non- Conveniens]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Comity]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Anti-suit injunction]]></dc:subject>
			<dc:description>
				<ags:descriptionNotes><![CDATA[Includes references]]></ags:descriptionNotes>
				<dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[The exercise of jurisdiction as a feature of sovereignty application of states has passed from traditional rule of territoriality and has included goods outside of state territory. The expansion of jurisdictional rule that has been justified on the basis of state interests and legitimate benefits of private persons imposed enormous costs on litigant parties and forums. The provision of public benefits and fairness hearing requires that the forum decline from extended jurisdiction while considering  factors such as parallel proceeding in foreign countries, the existence of suitable situations for proceeding in foreign countries or the necessity of comity observance to foreign states]]></dcterms:abstract>
			</dc:description>
            <dc:identifier scheme="dcterms:URI"><![CDATA[https://jolt.ut.ac.ir/article_35126_b053757d575648bb06beffea085a183c.pdf]]></dc:identifier>
			<dc:identifier scheme="ags:DOI"><![CDATA[10.22059/jolt.2012.35126]]></dc:identifier>
			<dc:type><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></dc:type>
			<dc:format><dcterms:medium><![CDATA[text]]></dcterms:medium></dc:format>
			<dc:language><![CDATA[فارسی]]></dc:language>
			<dc:source><![CDATA[https://jolt.ut.ac.ir/]]></dc:source>
			<dc:source><![CDATA[Private Law]]></dc:source>
		</ags:resource>
<ags:resource>
					<dc:title><![CDATA[An Analysis of the Function of the Non-Competition Agreement in Commercial Relations]]></dc:title>
					<dc:creator>
					<ags:creatorPersonal><![CDATA[Rahbari, Ebrahim]]></ags:creatorPersonal>
<ags:creatorPersonal><![CDATA[Kazemi Ahooei, Najmeh]]></ags:creatorPersonal>

			</dc:creator>
			<dc:publisher>
				<ags:publisherName><![CDATA[University of Tehran]]></ags:publisherName>
			</dc:publisher>
			<dc:date><dcterms:dateIssued><![CDATA[2012]]></dcterms:dateIssued></dc:date>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[non-competition agreement]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[non-compete clause]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[contractual function]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[protection of commercial interests]]></dc:subject>
			<dc:description>
				<ags:descriptionNotes><![CDATA[Includes references]]></ags:descriptionNotes>
				<dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[The protection of legitimate interests in commercial relations has raised endless concerns for persons and undertakings and they have always tried to employ different available tools achieving mentioned goals. The Non-competition agreement or clause is considered an efficient instrument, with special attention in its function in preventing others from competitive activities, particularly in the absence of explicit statutes.  It can protect diverse varieties of legal interests such as trade secrets and good will in various relations. This paper examines statutes, doctrines and the latest judicial judgments in different legal systems about functional aspects of the non-competition clause in commercial relations.  It also shows that, in observing the potentials and goals of the non-competition agreement, its function, in despite of dominant approaches, should not be limited to supporting certain interests and relations.]]></dcterms:abstract>
			</dc:description>
            <dc:identifier scheme="dcterms:URI"><![CDATA[https://jolt.ut.ac.ir/article_35176_923798806d5d08886fff8a5488253e6f.pdf]]></dc:identifier>
			<dc:identifier scheme="ags:DOI"><![CDATA[10.22059/jolt.2012.35176]]></dc:identifier>
			<dc:type><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></dc:type>
			<dc:format><dcterms:medium><![CDATA[text]]></dcterms:medium></dc:format>
			<dc:language><![CDATA[فارسی]]></dc:language>
			<dc:source><![CDATA[https://jolt.ut.ac.ir/]]></dc:source>
			<dc:source><![CDATA[Private Law]]></dc:source>
		</ags:resource>
<ags:resource>
					<dc:title><![CDATA[The Protective Foundation of Determination of Applicable Law to Product Liability in Rome II Regulations and Iranian Law]]></dc:title>
					<dc:creator>
					<ags:creatorPersonal><![CDATA[Mirhoseini, Seyed Majid]]></ags:creatorPersonal>

			</dc:creator>
			<dc:publisher>
				<ags:publisherName><![CDATA[University of Tehran]]></ags:publisherName>
			</dc:publisher>
			<dc:date><dcterms:dateIssued><![CDATA[2012]]></dcterms:dateIssued></dc:date>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Rome II regulations]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[product liability]]></dc:subject>
				<dc:subject><![CDATA[Conflict of laws]]></dc:subject>
			<dc:description>
				<ags:descriptionNotes><![CDATA[Includes references]]></ags:descriptionNotes>
				<dcterms:abstract><![CDATA[Presently, conflict rules have gone beyond inflexible and purposeless physical connection factors and have approached instrumentalism and economic functions.  This evolution defined as rule utilitarianism in conflict of laws and determination of applicable law to product liability in Rome II Regulations in this manner.  Protection of consumers in this category has been said to be the foundation of the application of the law of the country in which the person who sustained the damage had his or her habitual residence when the damage occurred.  But this foundation should not be regarded as the true purpose of this rule because this result would not be achieved unless the person who sustained the damage could choose the applicable law among several national laws that are in connection to his litigation; The freedom to choose the governing law by consumers is appropriate to legal foundations in Iranian law.]]></dcterms:abstract>
			</dc:description>
            <dc:identifier scheme="dcterms:URI"><![CDATA[https://jolt.ut.ac.ir/article_35177_af1422bfc7bd870802059f8d363b990e.pdf]]></dc:identifier>
			<dc:identifier scheme="ags:DOI"><![CDATA[10.22059/jolt.2012.35177]]></dc:identifier>
			<dc:type><![CDATA[Journal Article]]></dc:type>
			<dc:format><dcterms:medium><![CDATA[text]]></dcterms:medium></dc:format>
			<dc:language><![CDATA[فارسی]]></dc:language>
			<dc:source><![CDATA[https://jolt.ut.ac.ir/]]></dc:source>
			<dc:source><![CDATA[Private Law]]></dc:source>
		</ags:resource>

</ags:resources>