بررسی تطبیقی جایگاه حق تقدم ناشی از استفاده در نظام حقوقی حاکم بر علائم تجاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه حقوق، دانشکدة حقوق و اقتصاد، واحد خمینی‌شهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران

2 دانشکدة حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

3 دانشکدة علوم اداری و اقتصاد، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

حمایت حقوقی از علامت تجاری در نظام‌های اولین ثبت موکول به ثبت علامت است. لیکن سؤال مهم این است که اگر شخص بدون رعایت تشریفات ثبت از علامت استفاده تجاری کند آیا با استناد به این استفادة مقدم می‌تواند خواستار حمایت قانونی باشد یا خیر؟ در پژوهش حاضر که به روش توصیفی‌ـ تحلیلی انجام شده است تلاش می‌شود بر مبنای رویّة قضایی داخلی و خارجی، حقوق موضوعة خارجی، و اسناد بین‌المللی به تحلیل و بررسی تلاش‌های نظام‌های حقوقی گوناگون در تعدیل رویکرد لزوم ثبت علامت از سویی و ضرورت حمایت از حقوق مکتسبة استفاده‌کنندگان مقدم و تلاش جهت ممانعت از گمراهی مصرف‌کنندگان از دیگر سو پرداخته شود. پژوهش حاضر نشان می‏دهد به‌رغم اینکه ثبت علامت موجد حق انحصاری است نمی‌توان استفادة مقدم از علامت تجاری و نیز اشتهاری، که علائم مورد استفاده در بازارهای تجاری بدان نایل شده‏اند، را به‌کلی از نظر دور داشت و حقوق استفاده‏کنندة مقدم از علامت را صرفاً به دلیل عدم رعایت تشریفات مربوط به ثبت منتفی انگاشت و در این زمینه در پی آن است که بر اساس منابع تقنینی و قضایی نظام‏های حقوقی مورد مطالعه شرایط و معیارهای اعمال حق تقدم ناشی از استفاده را برشمارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparative Study the Status of the Right of Priority due to use in the Legal System Governing the Trademarks

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Javad Abdollahi 1
  • Reza Arabzadeh 2
  • Maryam Sharifi Renani 3
1 Department of Law, Faculty of Law and Economics, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
2 Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
3 Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Esfahan University, Esfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Legal protection of trademarks in first to file systems is subject to registration of trademarks. Yet, the important question is that if a person makes using from the trademark without complying the registration formalities, whether can he/she claim legal protection based on this prior use or not? It should be said that despite the fact that trademark registration creates an exclusive right, it is not possible to completely ignore the prior use of the trademark as well as the reputation achieved by trademarks used in commercial markets and rights of prior users cannot be denied simply because those marks are not registered. The present research tries to analyze the efforts of various legal systems in weighing and adjusting the need for trademark registration on the one hand and the need to protect the rights arising from the prior use and acquired rights of prior users and try to prevent consumers from being misled, and seeks to enumerate the conditions and criteria of applying the right of priority due to use based on the existing legislative and judicial sources of legal systems studied. The authors have considered the verdicts of domestic and foreign courts, the legal texts of countries and international documents.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Continuous use
  • First to file
  • Prior users of a mark
  • Registered Mark
  • Unregistered mark
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