Recognition of Certification Mark and its Kinds Compared to other Types of Trade Marks

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

2 M.A. of Intellectual Property, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

The term of certification mark has not been existed in the Iranian law, but it is mentioned in the Bill of Protection of Industrial Property. The role of certification mark is certifying a certain attribute in a goods or service. The attribute can be quality, material, origin or other character. This mark has different types such as compulsory or voluntary, national or regional or international and for goods or for service. Certification mark is a different concept compared to collective mark, geographical indication and ordinary trademark. The most important differences are: the specific role of these marks i.e. certifying the existence of an attribute in goods or service, the prohibition principle that prohibits the owner of a certification mark to use his mark and the freedom of use principle which allows qualified persons to use the mark.

Keywords


حجاره، عبدالستار (1392). کارکردهای تنظیمی موسسه استاندارد و تحقیقات صنعتی ایران، پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی.
2. حسن‌زاده، بهزاد (1389). علایم تجاری جمعی در حقوق ایران، پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی.
3. خدادادی، محمدحسن (1396). علامت تجاری تأییدی، پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی.
4. علیزاده، کبری (1393). حمایت از علایم تأییدی در حقوق مالکیت صنعتی ایران و امریکا، پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی.
5. میرحسینی، سید حسن (1390). حقوق علایم تجاری، تهران، نشر میزان.
6. Alikhan,Shahid and R. A. Mashelkar (2009). Intellectual Property and Competitive Strategies in the 21st Century, Wolters Kluwer, Second Edition.
7. Amanda, Michaels and Norris, Andrew (2010). A Practical Approach to Trade Marks law, Oxford University Press, Fourth Edition.
8. Belson, Jeffrey (2002). Certification Marks, Sweet & Maxwell.   
9. Brookman, A. (2016). Trademark Law, Wolters Kluwer, 2nd Edition.
10. Calboli, I. and Lee, E. (2014). Trademark Protection andTerritoriality Challenges in a Global Economy, Edward Elgar Publishing.
11. Christopher, M. (1994). The Trade Marks Act 1994, Butterworths.
12. D. M. Phelps,(1949) Certification Marks under the Lanham Act, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 13. pp. 498-505
13. Marett, Paul (1996). Intellectual Property Law, Sweet & Maxwell.
14. Nadvi, Khalid (2008). Global Standard, Global Governance and the Organization of Global Value Vhains, Economic Geography Advance Access Published, Vol: 8, Issue 3. Pp 323–343
15. Phillips, Jeremy (2003). Trade Mark Law A Practical Anatomy, Oxford University Press.
16. Pires de Carvalho,Nuno (2011). The Trips Regime of Trademarks and Designs, Wolters Kluwer, Second Edition.
17. R. Barron, Mark (2007). Creating Consumer Confidence or Confusion? The Role of Product Certification in the Market Today, Marquette Intellectual Property Law Review, Vol. 11. Pp 413-441
18. Schaffer, Richard, Agusti, Filiberto, and J. Dhooge, Lucien (2015). International Business Law & Its Environment, Cengage Learning Legal Studies.
19. WIPO Society (2009). Submission of the United States of America Certification and Collective Marks Formalities.
20. Certification and Collective Trade Marks in Australia, Available at:Http://www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/sct/en/comments/pdf/sct21/cert_australia.pdf (Last Visited 2018/4/20).