اصل انصاف؛ ماهیت، انواع و کارکردهای آن

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری حقوق خصوصی، دانشکدة علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، واحد زنجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زنجان، ایران

2 استادیار گروه حقوق، دانشکدة علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام خمینی، قزوین، ایران

چکیده

انصاف در قلمرو حقوق، که توسط قاضی یا داور در حل‌وفصل اختلافات در نظر گرفته می‌شود، به طور کلی، بر یکی از دو مفهوم «اصل انصاف» یا «اصول عدل و انصاف» اشاره دارد. انصاف در مفهوم نخست، که یکی از اصول کلی حقوقی است، خود شامل سه نوع با کارکردهای متفاوت است که هر سه جزئی از هنجار قانونی است و در مقام تصمیم‌گیری بخشی از حقوق تلقی می‌شود و توسل به آن‌ها نیازمند رضایت طرفین اختلاف نیست. حسب نوع نقص موجود در هنجارها، انصاف در چارچوب حقوق، با ارائة تفسیری مطابق واقعیت‌های موجود، دارای کارکرد تعدیلی است؛ انصاف فراحقوق، با پر کردن خلأهای حقوقی به هنگام مواجه با سکوت قواعد حقوقی، دارای کارکرد تکمیلی است و انصاف مغایر با حقوق، با کنار گذاشتن قانون حاکم به هنگام تضاد بین قوانین، نقش جایگزینی قواعد حقوقی را ایفا می‌کند. با وجود نقش مهم اصل انصاف در حل‌وفصل اختلافات و توسل به انواع آن در مراجع بین‌المللی، این اصل در حقوق‌های داخلی مورد توجه و اهتمام لازم قرار نگرفته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Equity; Nature, Types and Functions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ensieh Motiei 1
  • Masoud Alborzi Verki 2
1 Ph.D. of Private Law, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Faculty of Social Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
چکیده [English]

Fairness in the sphere of law, which is used, by a judge or an arbitrator, in resolving disputes, in general, refers to one of two concepts of "equity" or "ex aequo et bono". The first concept is a general principle of law, itself consists of three types with different kinds of functions, all three of which are legal norms and, in deciding a case, is considered as part of law, recourse to them often does not require consent of parties to a dispute. Depending on the type of defect in the norms, infra legem by providing an interpretation in accordance with existing facts, the function of moderation, praeter legem which through the filling of legal gaps, has a supplementary function and contra legem by abandoning the governing law when conflicting rules, plays the replacement role of legal rules. Despite the important role of principles of law in the settlement of disputes and its application in international law, this principle has not been addressed in domestic law.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • General principle of law
  • Infra legem
  • praeter legem
  • contra legem
  • Functions
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