دیدگاه‌های فکری و مبانی مسئولیت مدنی اعمال تحریم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه حقوق خصوصی، دانشکدة حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

تداوم اعمال تحریم‏ها علیه ایران و آثار زیان‏بار آن بر اشخاص حقیقی و حقوقی متعدد ‏لزوم تعیین دامنة مسئولیت مدنی ناشی از اعمال تحریم را به عنوان یک مسئلة مهم مطرح کرده است. روشن شدن این موضوع نیازمند بررسی دیدگاه‏های فکری حاکم بر حدود مشروعیت تحریم و سپس تعیین دامنة مسئولیت مدنی ناشی از اعمال تحریم نامشروع در حقوق داخلی و حقوق بین‏الملل است. پژوهش حاضر با روش تحلیلی‌‌ـ توصیفی و با استفاده از ابزار کتابخانه‏ای به بررسی تحلیلی ابعاد یادشده می‏پردازد. نظر به تفاوت مفهومی مبانی مسئولیت مدنی در حقوق داخلی و حقوق بین‏الملل، مسئولیت مدنی ناشی از اعمال تحریم در حقوق داخلی تابع نظریة تقصیر نوعی و در حقوق بین‏الملل تابع نظریة خطر است. اما هر دو نظام داخلی و بین‏الملل دارای این نقطة مشترک‌‌اند که نفس ارتکاب عملِ ناقض حقوق بین‏الملل را به عنوان یک عنصر نوعی فارغ از عمدی یا غیرعمدی بودن آن عمل موجب تحقق مسئولیت می‏دانند. بدین ترتیب، اعمال تحریم‏‏هایی که وضع یا اثر آن ناقض مقررات بین‏المللی است موجب تحقق مسئولیت مرجع تحریم‏کننده می‏شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Viewpoints of thought and Foundation of civil liability of imposing sanction

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sepideh Razi
  • Hasan Badini
Department of private law, Faculty of law and political science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Continuity of imposing sanctions against Iran and its harmful effects on natural and legal person has brought up the necessity to determine of the scope of liability due to imposing sanctions. Clarifying this issue requires examining the viewpoints of thought governing the limits of the legitimacy of sanctions and then determining the scope of civil liability due to imposing of illegitimate sanctions in domestic and international law. The present research which was written with analytical-descriptive method and using library tools, clarifies foundations of civil responsibility due to imposing sanctions in domestic and international law. Regarding the conceptual difference of civil liability foundations in domestic law and international law, civil liability due to imposing of sanctions in domestic law is subject to the theory of fault and in international law is subject to the theory of risk, but both domestic and international systems have this common point that they consider the act of violation of international law as an objective element, regardless of whether that act is intentional or unintentional. In this way, the imposition of sanctions that enforce or effect it violate international law, will causes responsibility of the sanctioning authority.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sanction
  • foundation of civil liability
  • international law
  • domestic law
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